Compare Nauru (2002) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001)

Compare Nauru (2002) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001)

	Nauru (2002)	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001)

Administrative divisions	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 39.6% (male 2,515; female 2,366) 15-64 years: 58.7% (male 3,578; female 3,656) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 108; female 106) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	coconuts	-
Airports	1 (2001)	none
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.	The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses a small military garrison. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 miles to 200 miles around each island.
Birth rate	26.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)	revenues: $291,777 expenditures: $451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)
Capital	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District	-
Climate	tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Coastline	30 km	NA km
Constitution	29 January 1968	adopted 3 October 1985
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none
Currency	Australian dollar (AUD)	-
Death rate	7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$33.3 million	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by UK civil commissioner Donald A. LAMONT, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is the garrison town
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	none	claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)	-
Economy - overview	Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	27.9 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	30 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%	-
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2004); following Rene HARRIS' resignation, Bernard DOWIYOGO was elected president election results: Rene HARRIS elected president; percent of Parliamentary vote - NA%; replaced by Bernard DOWIYOGO 9 January 2003 following a no-confidence vote; HARRIS reinstated 17 January 2003, then gives up presidency 18 January and DOWIYOGO is elected president; DOWIYOGO dies 10 March 2003; with 9 votes over 8 for Kinza CLODUMAR, Derog GIOURA was named acting president	-
Exports	$25.3 million f.o.b. (1991)	-
Exports - commodities	phosphates	-
Exports - partners	NZ, Australia, South Korea, US (2000)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru	the flag of the UK is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	-
Geographic coordinates	0 32 S, 166 55 E	54 30 S, 37 00 W
Geography - note	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia
Highways	total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	broad-based money-laundering center	-
Imports	$21.1 million c.i.f. (1991)	-
Imports - commodities	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery	-
Imports - partners	Australia, US, UK, Indonesia, India (2000)	-
Independence	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products	-
Infant mortality rate	10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-3.6% (1993) (1993)	-
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	0 sq km (1993)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	-
Labor force - by occupation	employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen)
Languages	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes	-
Legal system	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 61.57 years male: 58.05 years female: 65.26 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	-
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Map references	Oceania	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,103 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,710 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan	-
Natural hazards	periodic droughts	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism
Natural resources	phosphates, fish	fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	12,329 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	-
Population growth rate	1.96% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	Nauru	Grytviken
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	none
Radios	7,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 5 km note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001)	-
Religions	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal and compulsory	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Telephones - main lines in use	2,000 (1996)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	450 (1994)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	0 (1997)
Terrain	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Total fertility rate	3.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	0%	-
Waterways	none	none

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